RNA molecules play crucial roles in various biological processes, including gene expression, regulation, and protein synthesis. By modifying RNA molecules, researchers can gain insights into the fundamental mechanisms of these processes and develop innovative applications in fields such as therapeutics, diagnostics, and biotechnology.
Synthesis of 30-S-Thioribonucleoside Phosphoramidites 8ad and 20-O-Methyl-30-S-Thioguanosine Phosphoramidite (NS Li, et al.,2011)
Diverse modifications in RNA encompass a wide range of chemical alterations that can be made to the RNA molecule. These modifications include but are not limited to methylations, phosphorothioations, fluorophores, biotin, and more. Each modification serves a specific purpose and can be tailored to meet the needs of a particular experiment or application. By introducing diverse modifications, researchers can gain insights into RNA structure-function relationships, study RNA-protein interactions, enhance RNA stability, or label RNA molecules for visualization and detection purposes.
Fluorescent labeling is a specific type of modification where a fluorophore, a fluorescent molecule, is attached to an RNA molecule. This modification allows researchers to track and visualize the RNA molecule in various experimental settings. Fluorescent labeling is useful in studying RNA localization, RNA dynamics, RNA-protein interactions, and other related processes. By incorporating a fluorescent label, researchers can observe the behavior and movement of RNA molecules in real-time using fluorescence microscopy or other imaging techniques.
here's a table summarizing different types of RNA modifications, including Modified Bases, Phosphorothioates, Phosphorylation, Amino Linkers, Thiol, Biotin, and Digoxigenin, with descriptions and application areas:
| RNA Modification Type |
Description |
Application Areas |
| Modified Bases |
- Description: Substitution or addition of non-canonical bases, such as pseudouridine or 5-methylcytosine. |
- Application Areas: Enhancing stability, altering RNA structure, and influencing interactions with binding proteins. |
| Phosphorothioates |
- Description: Replacement of a non-bridging oxygen in the phosphate backbone with sulfur. |
- Application Areas: Improved resistance to nuclease degradation, enhancing stability for therapeutic applications. |
| Phosphorylation |
- Description: Addition of phosphate groups to RNA molecules, typically at the 5' or 3' end. |
- Application Areas: Regulating RNA processing, stability, and interaction with proteins in cellular signaling pathways. |
| Amino Linkers |
- Description: Attachment of amino groups to the RNA backbone, providing sites for further modification. |
- Application Areas: Conjugation to dyes, labels, or other molecules for imaging, purification, or functional studies. |
| Thiol |
- Description: Introduction of thiol groups (-SH) to RNA, facilitating conjugation with other thiol-reactive compounds. |
- Application Areas: Attachment of probes, labels, or surfaces for various biochemical and biophysical studies. |
| Biotin |
- Description: Incorporation of biotin, a small vitamin, into RNA for affinity purification and detection. |
- Application Areas: Isolation of biotinylated RNA, pull-down assays, and detection in applications like RNA-protein interactions. |
| Digoxigenin |
- Description: Attachment of digoxigenin, a steroid, to RNA for detection using anti-digoxigenin antibodies. |
- Application Areas: In situ hybridization, Northern blotting, and other techniques requiring specific detection of RNA. |
Service Process
FAQs
Service Process
- Consultation: We begin by having a detailed consultation with you to understand your specific research requirements and goals. Our team of experts will discuss your project in-depth, including the desired modifications, target sites, and any specific delivery considerations. This consultation allows us to develop a comprehensive understanding of your project and ensures that our services are tailored to meet your needs.
- Design and Planning: Based on the information gathered during the consultation, our team of experts will design a customized plan for the RNA modifications. This plan takes into account factors such as target sites, modification types, and delivery methods. We leverage our expertise and knowledge to propose the most suitable modifications and strategies for your project.
- Experimental Execution: Once the plan is finalized, our skilled scientists will proceed with performing the custom RNA modifications using advanced laboratory techniques. We employ a range of sophisticated methods, including chemical synthesis, enzymatic reactions, and site-directed mutagenesis, to introduce the desired modifications into the RNA molecules. Our team is experienced in working with various RNA molecules, including short oligonucleotides, long non-coding RNAs, and RNA aptamers.
- Quality Assurance: Throughout the process, we maintain rigorous quality control measures to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the modified RNA molecules. We employ a combination of analytical techniques, such as mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gel electrophoresis, to verify the success of the modifications and assess the purity of the RNA molecules. We also conduct structural analysis to confirm the integrity of the modified RNA structures.
- Delivery and Support: Upon completion, we will deliver the custom RNA modifications to you along with comprehensive documentation. Our team provides detailed reports on the modification process, including characterization data, such as purity assessment and structural analysis. We understand that research projects often require ongoing support and troubleshooting. That's why our team is available to provide continued assistance and guidance, helping you navigate any challenges that may arise during downstream applications or further experimentation.
FAQs
Here are some frequently asked questions about our long RNA synthesis services:
Q: Can you modify RNA molecules of any length?
A: Yes, we have expertise in modifying RNA molecules of various lengths, ranging from short oligonucleotides to long non-coding RNAs. Our team is skilled in handling RNA molecules of different sizes and can tailor our modification techniques accordingly.
Q: What types of modifications can you introduce?
A: We offer a wide range of modifications, including but not limited to methylations, phosphorothioations, fluorophores, biotin, and more. Our team can guide you in selecting the most suitable modifications for your research needs. Whether you require modifications for structure-function studies, RNA stability enhancement, or specific labeling purposes, we have the expertise to assist you.
Q: How long does the custom RNA modification process typically take?
A: The turnaround time can vary depending on the complexity of the modifications and project requirements. We strive to provide timely delivery and will discuss the estimated timeline during the consultation phase. Factors such as the number of modifications, RNA length, and specific experimental considerations can influence the overall timeline. Rest assured, we prioritize efficiency without compromising the quality of our services.
Q: Do you provide characterization data for the modified RNA molecules?
A: Yes, we provide comprehensive characterization data for the custom RNA modifications, including purity assessment, structural analysis, and functional validation as requested. Our analytical techniques allow us to evaluate the success and integrity of the modifications, providing you with valuable information for your research.
Q: Can you assist with downstream applications of the modified RNA molecules?
A: Absolutely! Our team can provide guidance and support for downstream applications, including but not limited to in vitro and in vivo studies, RNA-protein interactions, and functional assays. We understand that the ultimate goal of custom RNA modifications is often to enable specific applications or investigations. Our expertise extends beyond modification synthesis, and we can help you navigate the complexities of downstream experiments and applications.
If you have any further questions or require additional information, please don't hesitate to reach out to our team. We are committed to providing you with the highest level of support and delivering custom RNA modifications that meet your research needs.
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