April 25th is DNA day, a big day in the history of biology, because 68 years ago, on April 25th, 1953, James Watson, Francis Crick, and their colleagues published a paper on the double helix structure of DNA in Nature. Since then, the mystery of DNA structure that has plagued generations has been solved, and…
Plasmid DNA is a small double stranded circular DNA molecule that is exposed (without protein binding), structurally simple, independent of bacterial nucleoid DNA, and has the ability to self replicate. Image plasmids usually carry only a small number of genes, especially those related to antibiotic resistance; In addition, plasmids can be transmitted between different bacterial…
1、 DNA source The double stranded length of DNA is commonly described in units of bp, Kb, Mb, and Gb. 1bp=one base pair; 1kb=1000bp; 1Mb=1000kb; 1Gb=1000Mb. The length of a single stranded DNA is represented by nt, where 10nt=10 base lengths of a single stranded DNA. 1. Genomic DNA (gDNA) Eukaryotes, double stranded linear DNA…
In recent years, CRISPR gene editing technology has attracted great attention due to its enormous potential in the treatment of hereditary diseases. However, the potential off target effects that may occur during gene editing have always been an important safety concern. In addition, different populations have different genetic information, which poses great difficulties in accurately…
Metabolic engineering refers to the purposeful modification and modification of cellular metabolic pathways using genetic engineering techniques, altering cellular characteristics, and producing specific target products. Metabolic engineering has a history of 30 years since its development. From traditional modification techniques such as knocking out byproduct generation pathways, releasing product synthesis inhibition, and overexpressing key enzymes…
1、 Phenylalanine metabolism Phenylalanine (PA) has racemic DL type, L type, and D type. L-type is an essential amino acid for humans and animals, with a molecular weight of 165.2. It belongs to the aromatic amino acid group and mainly participates in the composition of various protein components, which can only be obtained from food….
Introduction: In the vast palette of nature’s creations, melanin stands out as a pigment of remarkable complexity and importance. Found in varying concentrations across living organisms, melanin plays diverse roles, from determining skin color to protecting against harmful UV radiation. This article aims to delve into the fascinating world of melanin, exploring its structure, functions,…
Malonic acid is an important intermediate, and its derivatives have important applications in the fields of medicine, agriculture, chemical industry, and food processing. It can be expressed in Escherichia coli through β- The alanine pathway achieves biosynthesis, with a yield of 3.6 g/L. Fu Wenxuan and others followed the path of phosphoenolpyruvate/pyruvate → oxaloacetic acid…
Highlights Metabolic flux provides quantitative insights into carbon, energy, and electron flow. Flux Balance Analysis (FBA) evaluates the ability of metabolic network models. 13C Metabolic flux analysis (13C MFA) is used to estimate flux with high precision. The new method of 13C-MFA can measure flux in complex, non-standard biological systems. The predictive kinetic model of…
Proteins are one of the most important molecules in living organisms, with an extremely wide range of functions and roles. Traditionally, researchers can use cell expression systems to prepare the required proteins and conduct in-depth research on them. However, due to factors such as cell growth, maintenance, and contamination, the cell expression system faces some…